Background Improving outpatient (OP) efficiency and service structure is of paramount importance as the NHS seeks to manage ever increasing demand in the wake of...
The Meyer-Weigert rule is a fundamental anatomical principle in urology that describes the typical orientation of ureteral orifices in duplex kidneys. In a duplex system,...
Traditional dogma held that urine was sterile. However, recent molecular studies have revealed an underground microbial community, known as the urinary microbiome or ‘urobiome’ [1]....
Advances in fertility treatment since in vitro fertilisation was pioneered by Edwards and Steptoe, cumulating in the birth of Louise Brown in 1978, have been...
Clinical Trials 1 is available here. Case 1 This British study on haematuria clinic diagnostic yield was published in the British Journal of Urology International...
Clinical Trials 2 is available here. Case 1 1. What are the levels of clinical evidence based on the 2009 definitions from the ‘Oxford CEBM’?...
Case 1 A 45-year-old man undergoes a CT of his abdomen to stage a newly diagnosed bowel malignancy. What does the scan show? What findings...
Case 1 A 26-year-old male presented with a two-week history of testicular pain and swelling. On examination the right testicle was enlarged, indurated and tender....
Case 1 What does the ultrasound show? What further imaging does this patient require? Which tumour markers should be checked? What is the half-life of...
Case 1 Figure A. Figure B. What is shown in figures A and B? What is the diameter of each scope? What is the working...
Case 1 Name the machine shown in the picture and describe how it works. What is the standard frequency of ultrasound waves in this machine?...
Case 1 What is this and what material is it made from? What property of the catheter does the size refer to? What is the...